So what my laptop should do automatically is to stop charging once it hits ~90%, and start charging again when it hits ~40%. And the OS should give me an easy-to-reach option to "charge to 100%" for when I'm about to make a trip. Why hasn't anyone implemented this yet?
Yes this is not real battery care-taking. Ubuntu does it by default like that (I guess linux kernel in general). Although the low and high thresholds (97 and 100% resp.) are adjustable.
Yeah my thinkpad did this from the same vintage but that was only on Windows. I think quality of battery management on other Operating Systems is varied...
My ThinkPad E530 (1 year old) has this, it's part of Lenovo Power Manager. Again, only on Windows (it doesn't charge at all in Ubuntu, which I've never managed to get to the bottom of)
You're right. Someone should have done it in each OS. In linux it's just a matter of echo-ing a few numbers to the write "files". I just made a script to do it, see my other comments here if interested.