This article does not mention Jumbostore (Kave Eshghi, Mark Lillibridge, Lawrence Wilcock, Guillaume Belrose, and Rycharde Hawkes) which used content defined chunking recursively on the chunk list of a content defined chunked file in 2007. This is exactly what a Prolly Tree is.
The reason I thought a new name was warranted is that a prolly tree stores structured data (a sorted set of k/v pairs, like a b-tree), not blob data. And it has the same interface and utility as a b-tree.
Is it a huge difference? No. A pretty minor adaptation of an existing idea. But still different enough to warrant a different name IMO.
My use of "exactly" was an overstatement. The important difference is that internal nodes in a prolly tree contain not only the hashes of the child nodes but also the index keys as is done in a B-tree. The divisions at each level however similarly are decided by the application of content defined chunking method to the entire level of the tree.