Personally, I have a soft spot for VLIW/EPIC architectures, and I really wish they were more successful in the mainstream computing.
I didn't consider GPU's precisely for the reason you mentioned – because of their unsuitability to run sequential workloads, which is most applications that end users run, even though nearly every modern computing contraption in existence has them today.
One, most assuredly, radical departure from the von Neumann architecture that I completely forgot about is the dataflow CPU architecture, which is vastly different from what we have been using in the last 60+ years. Even though there have been no productionised general purpose dataflow CPU's, it has been successfully implemented for niche applications, mostly in the networking. So, circling back to the original point raised, dataflow CPU instructions would certainly qualify for a new design.
The reason that
VLIW/EPIC architectures have not been successful that for mainstream workloads is the combination of
• the "memory wall",
• the static unpredictability of memory access, and
• the lack of sufficient parallelism for masking latency.
Those make dynamically scheduling instructions is just much more efficient.
Dataflow has been tried many many many times for general-purposed workloads.
And every time it failed for general-purposed workloads.
In the early 2020s I was part of an expensive team doing a blank-slate dataflow architecture for a large semi company: the project got cancelled b/c the performance figures were weak relative to the complexity of micro-architecture, which was high (hence expensive verification and high area). As one of my colleagues on that team says: "Everybody wants to work on dataflow until he works on dataflow." Regarding history of dataflow architectures, [1] is from 1975, so half a century old this year.
I didn't consider GPU's precisely for the reason you mentioned – because of their unsuitability to run sequential workloads, which is most applications that end users run, even though nearly every modern computing contraption in existence has them today.
One, most assuredly, radical departure from the von Neumann architecture that I completely forgot about is the dataflow CPU architecture, which is vastly different from what we have been using in the last 60+ years. Even though there have been no productionised general purpose dataflow CPU's, it has been successfully implemented for niche applications, mostly in the networking. So, circling back to the original point raised, dataflow CPU instructions would certainly qualify for a new design.