> More anomalies: simply being near a large gravitational field alters the flow of time. Frame dragging around black holes (spacetime itself twists into a rotating spiral). The final parsec problem (co-orbiting black holes bleeding energy as gravitational waves). And don't forget the gravitational singularity of a black hole.
These are not really anomalies per se - they are predicted by the relatively well tested theory of GR and (except for the singularity part) also experimentally observable. They are weird from our point of view, but not weird to contemporary physics.
From recent discussion though it seems as though the time dilation effects or that time itself moves differently in different patches of spacetime- that could remove the need altogether for dark energy/dark matter:
Yes, but none of that is anomalous. The primary novelty of the timescape model is just a more careful application of boring old General Relativity to cosmological models, which are highly idealized in order to make them tractable. It is still very misleading to characterize effects like frame dragging or time dilation as unresolved mysteries. They are very straightforward, experimentally confirmed, elements of classical General Relativity.
These are not really anomalies per se - they are predicted by the relatively well tested theory of GR and (except for the singularity part) also experimentally observable. They are weird from our point of view, but not weird to contemporary physics.