Interested amateur. I skim read the actual government and industrial reports, and know enough to be able to roughly estimate the effort required to construct precise answers.
> is it cheap to make it possible to get the electricity from homes, and resue or add new transformers to raise the voltage to medium then high voltage and use the same high voltage lines and whatever they use to get the energy from homes in Italy to homes in Romania ?
"Cheap" is already the wrong question: on this scale, energy is measured in percentage points of the economy, opportunity loss from what else can be done with the same resources, geopolitical exposure, not pure €, and that means questions like "is it cheap?" can only be considered against everything else the governments can do with the same resources — not even just other energy projects, absolutely everything, and how everything interacts with everything else, has to be taken into consideration.
If you limit yourself to just €, the scenarios on page 7 say that improving the grid would:
• 2030: reduce wasted power by 2 GW while saving €5 billion per year in wasted energy
• 2040: reduce wasted power by 4.8 GW while saving €9 billion per year in wasted energy
While another pair of options on page 22 shows:
• €5.6 billion per year invested, returns of €9.4 billion per year
• €3.6 billion per year invested, returns of €8.6 billion per year
But! The report is also has a section header titled "Does the study consider the EU’s goal to
reduce dependency on gas imports?" with several specific mentions of Russia throughout.
> About costs, if the solar panels will cost me 20 years of paying my bills but they will maybe break in 10 years then it is a waste of my money, I can buy the energy directly and lose less money.
I believe Italian electricity (you are in Italy, right?) is slightly cheaper than German electricity, but that's more than compensated for by having more sun.
Interested amateur. I skim read the actual government and industrial reports, and know enough to be able to roughly estimate the effort required to construct precise answers.
> is it cheap to make it possible to get the electricity from homes, and resue or add new transformers to raise the voltage to medium then high voltage and use the same high voltage lines and whatever they use to get the energy from homes in Italy to homes in Romania ?
"Cheap" is already the wrong question: on this scale, energy is measured in percentage points of the economy, opportunity loss from what else can be done with the same resources, geopolitical exposure, not pure €, and that means questions like "is it cheap?" can only be considered against everything else the governments can do with the same resources — not even just other energy projects, absolutely everything, and how everything interacts with everything else, has to be taken into consideration.
Consider this: https://eepublicdownloads.blob.core.windows.net/public-cdn-c...
If you limit yourself to just €, the scenarios on page 7 say that improving the grid would:
• 2030: reduce wasted power by 2 GW while saving €5 billion per year in wasted energy
• 2040: reduce wasted power by 4.8 GW while saving €9 billion per year in wasted energy
While another pair of options on page 22 shows:
• €5.6 billion per year invested, returns of €9.4 billion per year
• €3.6 billion per year invested, returns of €8.6 billion per year
But! The report is also has a section header titled "Does the study consider the EU’s goal to reduce dependency on gas imports?" with several specific mentions of Russia throughout.
> About costs, if the solar panels will cost me 20 years of paying my bills but they will maybe break in 10 years then it is a waste of my money, I can buy the energy directly and lose less money.
When did you buy?
I think you're over-estimating the current price of PV by a factor of about 15-25 — here's one of my local supermarkets, this price pays for itself in about *one* year: https://www.kaufland.de/product/456527791/?search_value=phot...
I believe Italian electricity (you are in Italy, right?) is slightly cheaper than German electricity, but that's more than compensated for by having more sun.