Trademarks apply to artistic works that identify an entity. See the TFL roundel.

You can use a logo to refer to the entity in question. Is it not fair use if you refer to a subway station using the subway station logo?

No. If using a plain text word suffices, then that's all you get.

My wife is an IP attorney at a large UK based law firm. We have discussed this exact thing before (in this thread).

She worked on a client matter for a banking app that wanted to show the logo of each company next to the transaction. This was not cleared by legal given that the law only allows for the bare minimum reference.

I think it's dumb because a logo is faster to see in a list vs. text, but it doesn't matter. I think IP laws are so backwards in the modern era, but thems the rules.

Someone should tell Wise. My list of payments has the logos of TfL, ASDA, Tesco, Sainsbury and others next to the payments.

Apple Maps also uses the logos when you bring up location details.

Those businesses may have enrolled in Apple Business Connect or otherwise made an agreement to show their trademarks inside the Maps app. Or the Maps app is showing the store’s app, and their app icon includes their trademark. (One of the requirements of submitting your app to the App Store is granting Apple a license to use your app’s icon.)

I am not a lawyer, much less a trademark lawyer, so I don’t think I can reasonably try answer this question.