The real question, which is why these issues still persist, is why the heck are people answering AND responding to these robocallers. They're making money somehow or it wouldn't be lucrative to keep doing it.
People get scammed every day - especially older folks and non-native speakers. There is a huge scam up here in Canada targeting immigrants informing them that their passports are being held by <local embassy> - the scam call isn't in English to minimize how quickly it gets reported and seems to rake in a fair number of folks.
It's really difficult to solve these problems through education alone.
from reading other comments apparently phone calls now generate json web tokens to be authenticated, but loses the jwt when switching over to tdm lines or coming from tdm. So why not just only allow authenticated calls from sip/voip lines to any destination and only allow calls from tdm to tdm. it would rid any unauthenticated sip/voip calls and not allow any spam coming from tdm lines to modern systems.