To simply illustrate your point: if you see a computer calculate 1*1=∞ occasionally, you know the computer is wrong and something is causing it to break.
If you see a particle accelerator occasionally make an observation that breaks the standard model, depending on what it is breaking you can be very confident that the observation is wrong, but you cannot know that with absolute certainty.
If you see a particle accelerator occasionally make an observation that breaks the standard model, depending on what it is breaking you can be very confident that the observation is wrong, but you cannot know that with absolute certainty.