OP, you may find this [1] “trick” useful. It allows you to dynamically determine the correct byte order for the various IPv4 headers for the platform and thus avoid the need to statically decide on the byte ordering for each platform you intend to target.
You may also find this [2] table useful, it shows which platforms allow the combination of IPPROTO_ICMP + IP_HDRINCL so it may be used without elevated privileges.
In general, my experience of raw sockets is that they are not very “raw” at all, the OS can and does still perform a variety of modifications and additions to what you send and receive, in highly platform specific and often poorly documented ways. In particular, TCP and raw sockets should generally be avoided.
You may also find this [2] table useful, it shows which platforms allow the combination of IPPROTO_ICMP + IP_HDRINCL so it may be used without elevated privileges.
In general, my experience of raw sockets is that they are not very “raw” at all, the OS can and does still perform a variety of modifications and additions to what you send and receive, in highly platform specific and often poorly documented ways. In particular, TCP and raw sockets should generally be avoided.
[1] https://github.com/fujiapple852/trippy/blob/master/crates/tr...
[2] https://github.com/fujiapple852/trippy/issues/101#issuecomme...