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I certainly understand your caution. I don't have intimate expertise with the implementation of musttail in the backend -- when I implemented musttail in Clang, it was piggybacking on an existing attribute from the LLVM IR: https://llvm.org/docs/LangRef.html#call-instruction

That said, my rough understanding is that a tail call ends the lifetime of all objects in the old stack frame. It follows that it is UB to access any objects from the previous stack frame after a tail call, and that would include Gerben's first example in https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/72555

Your slimcc project looks really interesting, thanks for the pointer.



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