I don't know why you would expect the healthcare system to do all of that stuff. If you want to know your VO2 Max you can just go to the local running track and execute a Cooper Test for free. But the results aren't really actionable. Regardless of the quantitative result, unless you're already an elite athlete the prescription will always be the same: exercise more.
Enough for what? It's kind of a meaningless question. Unless you're already an elite athlete training 30+ hours per week, you could always benefit from doing more.
Absolutely untrue. There is such a thing as overtraining, having to eat a lot of food to make up for the energy expenditure from exercise, time constraints vs health goals, etc etc etc.