Fair point @jiehong, but I think modern cross-platform frameworks and libraries have made significant strides in abstracting away those complexities.

Most of them provide abstraction layers that handle low-level input events, including keyboard input, with a consistent API across platforms. They also adhere to established standards like ISO/IEC 9995 for keyboard layouts and XKB for X Window Systems.

Additionally, platforms often provide dedicated input method libraries (e.g., IBus on Linux, TSF on Windows) that these frameworks can leverage to handle different keyboard layouts and input methods seamlessly.

Not to mention the focus on localization and internationalization (L10n and I18n) in modern software development practices, which includes support for different locales, character encodings, and input methods out of the box.

While there may be some edge cases or platform-specific quirks to consider, the challenges of handling different keyboard layouts are generally well-understood and addressed by the frameworks and their active communities.