There's a block-by-default setup for new email servers. You have to go through the reputation-building process which is not at all clear nor is it always guaranteed to work.

Yes, it "works" for most people, but it also has the effect of entrenching the incumbent large email providers and preventing more independent providers from cropping up.

The current method is very lazy and collectively punishes a lot of innocent email providers for the crimes of the abusers.