There's some Inception-level stuff going on here: the state of Arizona does not observer DST, the Najavo nation with-in Arizona does, but then the Hopi nation with-in Najavo nation does not:
Another weird one is American Samoa. The Uniform Time Act—which requires areas to switch to and from DST in a uniform manner—has no provisions for areas on the Southern hemisphere. So if American Samoa wanted to observe daylight savings—which they might have prior to 2021 when neighboring Independent Samoa was on DST—they would have to do so with the rest of USA, which is in their winter time.
At one time, Indiana residents could be in four different de facto time zones (Eastern/Central, did/did not observe DST). It's been simplified a lot in recent years.
I’m kicking myself for losing track of it, but I bought an old booklet that described changes in Indiana time zones in the 50s and 60s. Different communities would observe different time zones, and sometimes a community would change zones between years.
Probably no more confusing than the time zone shift itself. If what you're after is “the time in New York, regardless of the time zone New York is in” — which is generally what you want to express — then “ET” is perfect for the job.
