> Some people are alright with the fact that they're prototyping their code 10x more slowly than in another language because they enjoy performance optimization and seeing their code run fast, and there's nothing wrong with that.
Disclaimer: I've sort of bounced off of Rust 3 or so times and while I've created both long-running services in it as well as smaller tools I've basically mostly had a hard time (not enjoying it at all, feeling like I'm paying a lot in terms of development friction for very little gain, etc.) and if you're the type to write off most posts with "You just don't get it" this would probably just be one more on the pile. I would argue that I do understand the value of Rust, but I take issue with the idea that the cost is worth it in the majority of cases, and I think that there are 80% solutions that work better in practice for most cases.
From personal experience: You could be prototyping your code faster and get performance in simpler ways than dealing with the borrow checker by being able to express allocation patterns and memory usage in better, clearer ways instead and avoid both of the stated problems.
Odin (& Zig and other simpler languages) with access to these types of facilities are just an install away and are considerably easier to learn anyway. In fact, I think you could probably just learn both of them on top of what you're doing in Rust since the time investment is negligible compared to it in the long run.
With regards to the upsides in terms of writing code in a performance-aware manner:
- It's easier to look at a piece of code and confidently say it's not doing any odd or potentially bad things with regards to performance in both Odin and Zig
- Both languages emphasize custom allocators which are a great boon to both application simplicity, flexibility and performance (set up limited memory space temporarily and make sure we can never use more, set up entire arenas that can be reclaimed or reused entirely, segment your resources up in different allocators that can't possibly interfere with eachother and have their own memory space guaranteed, etc.)
- No one can use one-at-a-time constructs like RAII/`Drop` behind your back so you don't have to worry about stupid magic happening when things go out of scope that might completely ruin your cache, etc.
To borrow an argument from Rust proponents, you should be thinking about these things (allocation patterns) anyway and you're doing yourself a disservice by leaving them up to magic or just doing them wrong. If your language can't do what Odin and Zig does (pass them around, and in Odin you can inherit them from the calling scope which coupled with passing them around gives you incredible freedom) then you probably should try one where you can and where the ecosystem is based on that assumption.
My personal experience with first Zig and later Odin is that they've provided the absolute most productive experience I've ever had when it comes to the code that I had to write. I had to write more code because both ecosystems are tiny and I don't really like extra dependencies regardless. Being able to actually write your dependencies yourself but have it be such a productive experience is liberating in so many ways.
Odin is my personal winner in the race between Odin and Zig. It's a very close race but there are some key features in Odin that make it win out in the end:
- There is an implicit `context` parameter primarily used for passing around an allocator, a temp-allocator and a logger that can be implicitly used for calls if you don't specify one. This makes your code less chatty and let's you talk only about the important things in some cases. I still prefer to be explicit about allocators in most plumbing but I'll set `context.allocator` to some appropriate choice for smaller programs in `main` and let it go
- We can have proper tagged unions as errors and the language is built around it. This gives you code that looks and behaves a lot like you'll be used to with `Result` and `Option` in Rust, with the same benefits.
- Errors are just values but the last value in a multiple-value-return function is understood as the error position if needed so we avoid the `if error != nil { ... }` that would otherwise exist if the language wasn't made for this. We can instead use proper error values (that can be tagged unions) and `or_return`, i.e.:
If we wanted to inspect the error this would instead be:
// The zero value for a union is `nil` by default and the language understands this
ParsingError :: union {
UnparsableHeader,
UnparsableBody,
}
UnparsableHeader :: struct {
...
}
UnparsableBody :: struct {
...
}
doing_things :: proc() {
parsed_data, parsing_error := parse_config_file(filename)
// `p in parsing_error` here unpacks the tag of the union
// Notably there are no actual "constructors" like in Haskell
// and so a type can be part of many different unions with no syntax changes
// for checking for it.
switch p in parsing_error {
case UnparsableHeader:
// In this scope we have an `UnparsableHeader`
function_that_deals_with_unparsable_header(p)
case UnparsableBody:
function_that_deals_with_unparsable_body(p)
}
...
}
- ZVI or "zero-value initialization" means that all values are by default zero-initialized and have to have zero-values. The entire language and ecosystem is built around this idea and it works terrifically to allow you to actually talk only about the things that are important, once again.
P.S. If you want to make games or the like Odin has the absolute best ecosystem of any C alternative or C++ alternative out there, no contest. Largely this is because it ships with tons of game related bindings and also has language features dedicated entirely to dealing with vectors, matrices, etc., and is a joy to use for those things. I'd still put it forward as a winner with regards to most other areas but it really is an unfair race when it comes to games.
Disclaimer: I've sort of bounced off of Rust 3 or so times and while I've created both long-running services in it as well as smaller tools I've basically mostly had a hard time (not enjoying it at all, feeling like I'm paying a lot in terms of development friction for very little gain, etc.) and if you're the type to write off most posts with "You just don't get it" this would probably just be one more on the pile. I would argue that I do understand the value of Rust, but I take issue with the idea that the cost is worth it in the majority of cases, and I think that there are 80% solutions that work better in practice for most cases.
From personal experience: You could be prototyping your code faster and get performance in simpler ways than dealing with the borrow checker by being able to express allocation patterns and memory usage in better, clearer ways instead and avoid both of the stated problems.
Odin (& Zig and other simpler languages) with access to these types of facilities are just an install away and are considerably easier to learn anyway. In fact, I think you could probably just learn both of them on top of what you're doing in Rust since the time investment is negligible compared to it in the long run.
With regards to the upsides in terms of writing code in a performance-aware manner:
- It's easier to look at a piece of code and confidently say it's not doing any odd or potentially bad things with regards to performance in both Odin and Zig
- Both languages emphasize custom allocators which are a great boon to both application simplicity, flexibility and performance (set up limited memory space temporarily and make sure we can never use more, set up entire arenas that can be reclaimed or reused entirely, segment your resources up in different allocators that can't possibly interfere with eachother and have their own memory space guaranteed, etc.)
- No one can use one-at-a-time constructs like RAII/`Drop` behind your back so you don't have to worry about stupid magic happening when things go out of scope that might completely ruin your cache, etc.
To borrow an argument from Rust proponents, you should be thinking about these things (allocation patterns) anyway and you're doing yourself a disservice by leaving them up to magic or just doing them wrong. If your language can't do what Odin and Zig does (pass them around, and in Odin you can inherit them from the calling scope which coupled with passing them around gives you incredible freedom) then you probably should try one where you can and where the ecosystem is based on that assumption.
My personal experience with first Zig and later Odin is that they've provided the absolute most productive experience I've ever had when it comes to the code that I had to write. I had to write more code because both ecosystems are tiny and I don't really like extra dependencies regardless. Being able to actually write your dependencies yourself but have it be such a productive experience is liberating in so many ways.
Odin is my personal winner in the race between Odin and Zig. It's a very close race but there are some key features in Odin that make it win out in the end:
- There is an implicit `context` parameter primarily used for passing around an allocator, a temp-allocator and a logger that can be implicitly used for calls if you don't specify one. This makes your code less chatty and let's you talk only about the important things in some cases. I still prefer to be explicit about allocators in most plumbing but I'll set `context.allocator` to some appropriate choice for smaller programs in `main` and let it go
- We can have proper tagged unions as errors and the language is built around it. This gives you code that looks and behaves a lot like you'll be used to with `Result` and `Option` in Rust, with the same benefits.
- Errors are just values but the last value in a multiple-value-return function is understood as the error position if needed so we avoid the `if error != nil { ... }` that would otherwise exist if the language wasn't made for this. We can instead use proper error values (that can be tagged unions) and `or_return`, i.e.:
If we wanted to inspect the error this would instead be: - ZVI or "zero-value initialization" means that all values are by default zero-initialized and have to have zero-values. The entire language and ecosystem is built around this idea and it works terrifically to allow you to actually talk only about the things that are important, once again.P.S. If you want to make games or the like Odin has the absolute best ecosystem of any C alternative or C++ alternative out there, no contest. Largely this is because it ships with tons of game related bindings and also has language features dedicated entirely to dealing with vectors, matrices, etc., and is a joy to use for those things. I'd still put it forward as a winner with regards to most other areas but it really is an unfair race when it comes to games.