Nit: Passkeys don't get sent to Android. Instead, the Gmail login would ask you to prove you possess the passkey on the Android by scanning a QR code displayed by the browser.
However I totally get your point. The UX is confusing. The terminology is confusing. Even if each step in the UX gives you an explanation of what it does, it's still useless because people are trained to skip the small print with explanation and click the biggest, most colorful button, especially when they are in a hurry. It's a genuinely hard problem for UX design.
The thing is the ergonomics is so much worse than just a password. People that are able to remember secure passwords should be able to use them. A service not offering this option is not going to get used.
We already had some that were proud they have some allegedly superior auth scheme that relied on infrastructure I do not necessarily trust at all.
However I totally get your point. The UX is confusing. The terminology is confusing. Even if each step in the UX gives you an explanation of what it does, it's still useless because people are trained to skip the small print with explanation and click the biggest, most colorful button, especially when they are in a hurry. It's a genuinely hard problem for UX design.