? You can show causation by having a test group and a control group.
Just get N people. Have the control group eat pot cooked popcorn and have the experimental group eat microwave.
You can’t get causation by just observing, but once you are willing to make someone do something, then it’s pretty easy to arrive at.
I tried to verify the GP quote but actually couldn’t find it in the study - but if it’s true, people who eat microwave popcorn every day for a year is an extreme population in all sorts of ways. I don’t eat anything every day for a year, much less popcorn.
Who is going to fund a study designed to find causation of high pfas blood levels?
The corn producers, the microwave popcorn brands? If any of them ever does, be sure that the study will either find no proof of causation or not be published
The quote is in the original UCLA Health article, not the study.
"Research suggests that people who regularly consume microwave popcorn have markedly higher levels of PFAS in their bodies. A study published in 2019 analyzed a decade of data about the eating habits of 10,000 people, which was collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 2003 and 2014. Blood samples from the study participants were also collected. The researchers found that people who ate microwave popcorn every day over the course of a year had levels of PFAS that were up to 63% higher than average."
A lot of studies are done on high-level, competitive NCAA / college athletes. Both cuz they're, like, already at a university, but also NCAA has mandatory physicals, and high level athletics lends itself to controlled lifestyles.
Both tend to rule out most health issues as well; in theory you can be diabetic and play NCAA Div 1 ball, but selection bias tends to weed them out, while the Army explicitly does so.
Just get N people. Have the control group eat pot cooked popcorn and have the experimental group eat microwave.
You can’t get causation by just observing, but once you are willing to make someone do something, then it’s pretty easy to arrive at.
I tried to verify the GP quote but actually couldn’t find it in the study - but if it’s true, people who eat microwave popcorn every day for a year is an extreme population in all sorts of ways. I don’t eat anything every day for a year, much less popcorn.