Choosing a random Lemmy instance, I see server rendered content and <a href> links that are followable. Searching for 'site:<instance domain>' on Google turns up plenty of results, very much identical to what I see when searching for 'site:reddit.com'. Google seems to have no trouble indexing the site.
I expect you won't see results on Google, save for when you explicitly ask for the site, because there isn't much in the way of reputation. You are highly unlikely to see my personal blog, which is just plain old boring as it gets HTML, come up in search results for the same reason.