seems like controlling access to GPUs would be the more likely/easier solution for governments. Not many facilities that can produce them and easy to track the huge amounts needed for this scale of computing
After the Llama and ggml projects that came to light in the last few weeks, it's more likely they'd have to control access to CPUs as well. Good luck with that.
If I were “they” I’d try to control systems with >128GB RAM capacity and clustering aids e.g. 40GE and PCIe bridging cards. That should be semi doable.
Almost like trying to stop nuclear proliferation