There is a product called a Certificate of Deposit[1], but I don’t hear much about them. They seem like quite a bit of hassle for not much more interest.
Not very common. Most consumer and business checking and savings accounts are demand deposit accounts here.
The default path for slightly higher interest on a fixed term in the US tends to be certificates of deposit. They’re similar but functionally more like a bond you purchase than an account you can deposit into regularly.
Are fixed deposits not common in the US?