Agree about the Elements. I was once enrolled in a small class that proved all of the props in order. For a given meeting, a set of props were assigned (fewer and fewer as they got longer and more complicated), and a student's name would be randomly chosen to prove the prop at a chalkboard without the book or any aides-memoires. One did not have to reproduce Euclid's proof exactly. We quickly learned the value of (a) making mistakes, and (b) being able to think things through logically. It was a transformative experience for me.
The Zhuangzi, probably at least two translations.
The Elements (that is, Euclid's).
Process and Reality has had the most impact on my thinking but it's one of the most unapproachable things I've ever read. Get there eventually.