> some people will not be able to function in the provided housing, damage it, and at the same time have the right to an undamaged home.
At some point along that path, it seems reasonable for a society to say “okay, your next home is one that you cannot damage with lots of sturdy metal and concrete furnishings”.
Partially because it is super expensive; no doubt it could be made somewhat cheaper but the cost of even a normal "jail cell" is quite high compared to a stick-built building.
But "jails without locked doors" would be a good middle ground. Provide security like a jail, but the "inmates" are free to come and go.
It's a middle ground between jail and "regular" public housing.
Why might that be needed? If someone is an anti-social asshole who chronically destroys public housing, they will need some level of supervision (even if it's just to prevent them pouring concrete powder into the drains of an otherwise indestructible building, because the society who says everyone has a right to housing probably won't let that mean "without functioning plumbing").
The last is commonly called a jail; but then you have guards and other support staff - you can have the support staff without having it be an actual jail. They can be there to prevent fights/monitor health/etc, and you could have varying amounts.
It doesn't need to be a prison. That's why I phrased it as I did, but if you tear up two public houses and society says you have a right to a third, that third should be indestructible even if that means it's less comfortable than the ones afforded to people who manage to care for them properly.
At some point along that path, it seems reasonable for a society to say “okay, your next home is one that you cannot damage with lots of sturdy metal and concrete furnishings”.