Not really. In a priority queue, an item with higher priority gets pulled out before one with lower priority, so you can have items that skip parts of the queue (or all of it) even if there are no items of the same priority in there already.

This structure seems to behave differently, in that an item may skip ahead in the queue if and only if another item with some matching characteristic is already contained. This makes it so you can never skip the whole structure, for example, assuming you get put after your "friend".