You don't need to create an Intel competitor from scratch. For example the same money can be better invested in Infineon, ASML, Bosch or a number of local companies that work on chips. Or it could be put into RISC-V work.
I don’t get your point. What you describes sounds exactly like the goal of such a subsidy. With new Intel factories in Europe that means more demand for ASML and other European companies, given that they already collaborate. With the addition that you can now train Europeans and develop the industry locally.
Americans feel your pain, given the subsidies German automakers have received to build plants in our country over the decades.
Mercedes got $260m in Alabama in the early 1990s, BMW got $150m in South Carolina in the early 1990s, Volkswagen got $570m in the late 2000s in Tennessee. That's close to $1.6 billion inflation adjusted from just three examples of it.
The US economy is six times the size of Germany's economy, so those are massive subsidies in relation.
I don't know about Infineon, but Bosch would boat anchor that money and then you'd just be out $5.5B. No way Bosch is going to be a world class fab provider.
Strategically, you want the semi jobs to seed local expertise.