It wouldn’t generally, but productivity increases are not even across the entire population/workforce and, furthe, some of the productivity gains may be captured by organized groups.

Let’s say you have a population of software developers and cleaners and that the productivity of software developers doubles while the productivity of cleaners remains the same. Developers may demand higher salaries and increase the demand for some goods or services, say housing, whose price may increase, leaving the cleaners worse off. Providers of such services may organise (explicitly or otherwise) to capture part of this productivity increase (say blocking the construction of new apartment blocks), making the situation for cleaners even worse.