Words are only ever added to the OED after a period of use.
Before performant made it into the OED as an adjective, the nominal form was listed as a "nonce-word" only and didn't merit its own entry; it was kept under performance. It was never widespread in any dialect, unlike modern performant.
-Ant/-ent is not reserved for nouns anyway. There are informants, inhabitants, defendants, and many others, of course, but they can be ignorant, hesitant, pleasant, constant, tolerant, conversant, triumphant, significant, vigilant, dominant, compliant, adamant, reluctant, elegant...
Some of the second group fall into both categories, adjective and noun. Frequently the one form came later than the other. Add performant to that long list.
Originally a performant was someone who'd performed in something (similar to combatant).
Unfortunately it stuck.