The Japanese system is not a single payer healthcare system and in terms of outcomes vs. cost is one of the best in the world, so I am not so sure that single-payer is the most reasonable solution. Particularly in the US where voters are averse to giving up their private insurance.
Japanese system does have a public option and much tighter price controls, which we are missing here.
I totally agree that culture is a big factor. I just think the conversation in the US around healthcare is kind of limited to pro or anti “Medicare for all” when there are actually many ways of doing things which do not require a single payer. Japan is just one example, Germany is another.
Obviously we shouldn’t just exactly copy the system of other countries, but it’s equally shortsighted to not learn take away anything from other existing systems. The possibility for universal coverage and higher cost efficiency without the need for single payer I think is a valid thing to take away from those examples.
Japanese system does have a public option and much tighter price controls, which we are missing here.