On the topic of Mutuelle - I'm still to find a reason to pay one, at all. Maybe you could explain, but the hospitalization costs after 31 days seem to be fully covered by the social security (Ameli), if you ever get to be so unlucky to get there, so some doctor visits and an incident requiring hospitalization may be better addressed by "paying yourself" insurance, e.g. saving $4k/year, in case you ever need it. It would be the HSA of the US, with the healthcare higher quality and lower cost of France.