This is already an issue Apple has with their own Apple ID 2-factor authentication; in order to authenticate, you must either accept the prompt and receive the code on a current Apple device, or (secondarily) recieve a code via SMS.
Frustratingly, there is no option to add a TOTP code (like most other services, including Google, offer) or to disable SMS 2FA as a backup (despite its known security issues).
I say this mostly because I assume Apple would use your Apple ID credentials as a way to log in to these services on a Windows or Linux machine, as they do currently with the "Sign in with Apple" flow.
Frustratingly, there is no option to add a TOTP code (like most other services, including Google, offer) or to disable SMS 2FA as a backup (despite its known security issues).
I say this mostly because I assume Apple would use your Apple ID credentials as a way to log in to these services on a Windows or Linux machine, as they do currently with the "Sign in with Apple" flow.