I got into software from a similar background. You can get pretty solid CS basics very quickly if you go through a book like Cracking the Coding Interview and do a few leetcode problems. It will also probably dramatically improve your experience writing code.
The best way to actually learn how to code is have someone else teach you whose been doing it for several years.
I wouldn't be where I'm at today had I not had my lead help me out during my internship. My school was just trash at teaching programming. Not only was it basically self taught, but everybody got A's so long as they just submitted code that compiled. My lead actually taught me how and why this stuff works.
