It really isn't possible to have a consistent cross platform experience outside "closed ecosystems" like the JVM. The problem is that good debugging usually has to integrate very deeply with the language/ecosystem/hardware. Unfortunately programming languages are a mishmash of distinct philosophies implemented differently by people who largely didn't agree with one another, so the debugging experience in most of them is inconsistent and because experience transfers less than you might think, generally abysmal. Moreover, all that deep integration and complexity mean that debuggers are sometimes wholly inappropriate for particular situations and as the use you'll just have to know/learn when that is.

But if you can get your hands on a "good" debugger with (e.g.) time travel or reverse debugging, there are entire classes of issues you can instantly solve. It's like having superpowers.