For 1, no example really comes to mind, but i guess there could be cases where a service went from publishing an event with all of its related data, then split into a service where that becomes more expensive to do (like that data is no longer in memory its behind the api of the old service). In some cases you can have very simple services that consume a message, make a few calls to services or databases to hydrate it with more information, then produce that message to another topic that the original consumers could switch to. More commonly though if the data model is making a drastic change where the database is being split and owned by two new services, you will have to get consumers in on the change to make sure everyone knows the semantics of the new changes.
For 2, it completely depends on the source of the trigger. The first event in a chain probably only has enough information to know that it should produce an event, usually as quickly possible, so no additional db or api fetches. So you might get something in the driver status topic that contains {driver_uuid, new_status, old_status}, then based on what downstream consumers may want to do in response to that event, you may need more info, so you may get more entity information in derived topics. Even pure-entity-based messages would have needed a trigger, so in our topics that tail databases, you may have the full row as a message along with the action that occurred like {op: insert, msg: {entity data… }}.
For 2, it completely depends on the source of the trigger. The first event in a chain probably only has enough information to know that it should produce an event, usually as quickly possible, so no additional db or api fetches. So you might get something in the driver status topic that contains {driver_uuid, new_status, old_status}, then based on what downstream consumers may want to do in response to that event, you may need more info, so you may get more entity information in derived topics. Even pure-entity-based messages would have needed a trigger, so in our topics that tail databases, you may have the full row as a message along with the action that occurred like {op: insert, msg: {entity data… }}.