For JPEG, if image is encoded using resolution progression, then decoder can not decode using quality progression (where image quality improves with each new piece of the image) and vice versa. With JPEG 2000, the decoder can decide which progression it wishes to use at decode time - by resolution, by quality, by component, or by spatial region.
Dedicated texture compression formats would also do this since they use mipmaps, but I don't know if you can stream those.