So the ultimate risk of using ReCAPTCHA on proton mail is that Google might find out I'm more tech savvy than the average? Fine by me.

Those are your values. Other people have values that they don't want to be tracked and profiles made on them as they move around on the internet.

No, no. Now Google knows you are using ProtonMail, and by extension the NSA knows you are protonmail, the FBI knows you are using ProtonMail, and so on.

This may or may not be a problem for you.

meh, if FBI is truly trying to track you down, they have an easier time accessing your ISP and mobile carrier logs to see what IPs you've been talking to.

Less likely to do that if you're not appearing in a "people who use protonmail" list.

Maybe yes, maybe no. The more information you leak the more opportunities to find easier ways.