This seems to assume that virus particles are charged. If they are neutral, they wouldn't be driven in any direction by an electric field. Am I missing something? Is it known that virus particles have a charge?
I think you are missing the OP's assumption that by raising the subject's entire body to +X Volts, any virus particles they breath out will start out with this same positive charge. I'm not sure this assumption is true, but it seems plausible.