Strings in Lisp are surrounded with double quotes. In this case, 'English is not a string, but a symbol. Symbols are arbitrary flags with readable names.
There are lots of languages with symbols. Some of them even use the same syntax, like Scala (symbol usage in Scala is uncommon, though). However, the most prominent non-Lisp language that uses symbols all the time is probably Ruby.
(define my-language 'English)
Looks like it's missing a closing single quote. I suppose it could be optional.