Inequality has positive consequences as well as negative ones. It's more likely to create venture capital and a market for high risk investments that have a significant chance to lose all the capital invested. Venture capital is a bad idea for retirement funds which would be the majority of investments in a relatively or perfectly equal world. I think it's likely you'd see significant declines in pursuing risky ideas that can change the world, for example a lot of the projects pursued by the Bill & Melinda Gates foundation, wouldn't be possible without the unequal capital that leads to billionaires contributing significant capital to such endeavours. Space exploration seems to be an area of substantial interest to billionaires where we now see private companies making substantial achievements while NASA and many other government space programs seem to be in decline from their peak.
As for maintaining inequality, it usually involves some form of force exerted on labour markets where voluntary exchange gets replaced by something involving almost entirely compulsion. Voluntary exchange of labour will always result in inequality as people's talents and the value of those talents are radically different. I'm not claiming markets get these problems correct (Many education and some health professionals seem to be dramatically underpaid relative to value), but people can at least make somewhat informed choices as to what they want to do with some knowledge of the value they will gain from it. A world where equality is enforced will have the government at a minimum telling people what they can earn from what they can do, and in sectors where demand is higher than supply they very likely end up enforcing who can do those things as well. Freedom of association in labour is very important to me and to me seems more valuable than enforced equality in a lot of ways.
I agree with the conclusion that the one big question is "How much inequality is right for society?". Another big question is some variant of "How can governments influence the distribution of that inequality without violating individual rights, while working to maximize a reasonable function of overall happiness?"
I'm of the opinion that trending towards a guaranteed basic income in supported by higher taxes and reduction in redundant programs is likely to be a good path forward provided those programs are carefully designed around incentives and the taxes are designed to be revenue efficient and minimally disruptive. I'm partially of this opinion because I believe it frees people up to pursue their artistic goals and could usher in a wave of unprecedented creativity in society. Not everyone is willing to go homeless to produce the next Harry Potter but many people will choose writing over a minimum wage job if given the choice. I think lower supply in labour markets leading to higher wages for some of the terrible jobs that currently people are made to do because of lack of alternatives is a net good thing for society even with the consequences of higher prices on some essential goods.
As for maintaining inequality, it usually involves some form of force exerted on labour markets where voluntary exchange gets replaced by something involving almost entirely compulsion. Voluntary exchange of labour will always result in inequality as people's talents and the value of those talents are radically different. I'm not claiming markets get these problems correct (Many education and some health professionals seem to be dramatically underpaid relative to value), but people can at least make somewhat informed choices as to what they want to do with some knowledge of the value they will gain from it. A world where equality is enforced will have the government at a minimum telling people what they can earn from what they can do, and in sectors where demand is higher than supply they very likely end up enforcing who can do those things as well. Freedom of association in labour is very important to me and to me seems more valuable than enforced equality in a lot of ways.
I agree with the conclusion that the one big question is "How much inequality is right for society?". Another big question is some variant of "How can governments influence the distribution of that inequality without violating individual rights, while working to maximize a reasonable function of overall happiness?"
I'm of the opinion that trending towards a guaranteed basic income in supported by higher taxes and reduction in redundant programs is likely to be a good path forward provided those programs are carefully designed around incentives and the taxes are designed to be revenue efficient and minimally disruptive. I'm partially of this opinion because I believe it frees people up to pursue their artistic goals and could usher in a wave of unprecedented creativity in society. Not everyone is willing to go homeless to produce the next Harry Potter but many people will choose writing over a minimum wage job if given the choice. I think lower supply in labour markets leading to higher wages for some of the terrible jobs that currently people are made to do because of lack of alternatives is a net good thing for society even with the consequences of higher prices on some essential goods.