I don't mean to take the conversational bait, but that story is explicitly not about fairness, it is about equality, and about the dangers of mixing fairness and equality.
If Fairness equals same opportunities, then that implies it would only be "fair" (Fairness) to have a Eugenics program, resulting in every child born being of identically high IQ and other character traits, physical abilities, health and talents.
I am not arguing in favor or against Eugenics - just making an observation.
In this story, as it is frequently discussed:
Fairness = same opportunities
Equality = same outcomes