Google has an internal cloud-based IDE which is quite popular, so it's possible to do all work in cloud. Otherwise you can ssh into your desktop. Either way Googlers are not allowed to store source code on a laptop.

There are some Engineers who use a Chromebook, but most have a Macbook. I think Linux is more common than Chromebooks.

But honestly, why would you choose a chromebook if you can also get a macbook?