One of the best open source games I know. I had played this in a very early version, but it was still very immature. Apparently I can take a look inside now.
The dev team and community are incredible. It's a brilliant open source game that rivals any commercial RTS. It is still alpha, so things are still changing, but that can be part of the fun too as new elements are introduced each release.
This is such a great game but the network multiplayer really needs some work. After building a certain number of units into a game the frame rate drops to almost 1FPS.
The main problem with multiplayer is that 0ad is still just using a single thread for everything, so all the path finding, rendering etc. competes with network related requests. One effect of that is that the player with the slowest hardware might introduce lag for all players in multiplayer games at the moment.
Splitting the game logic into multiple threads to have at least network related stuff happening in another thread is afaik on the roadmap for the next development cycle.
A group of friends were playing and really enjoying this game but suffered from these may problem. We all fired up Visual Studio and started debugging while playing and found the problems your discussing, but the problem doesn't have a simple "throw more threads at it" solution because of the deterministic nature of the game simulation relying on the path finding.
What we were able to do was put a hack into the path finding code that bailed on one of the loops after X amount of steps. It made complex paths less accurate (clicking units across the map to attack far away) but actually made the game playable. We could actually control our units whereas with the lag it's completely unplayable late game with 3 players and 3 AI.
Could you at least submit a diff of whatever you changed ? There are quite some changes planned for the Pathfinder see D13 on code.wildfiregames.com. But it might help any way :) Making a patch (diff file) shouldn't take you more than ten minutes :)
Yes you can build custom maps and yes you can do something like tower defense.
0ad comes with atlas, its integrated map editor. Maps also support scripting with Javascript and there are already maps included where waves of enemies get spawned (e.g. Danubis or Jebel Barkal), what you'd probably want for tower defense as well.
[0] https://play0ad.com/about/the-story-of-0-a-d/