For medical school there exactly this kind of test you describe: the 'decentralized test'. If you score well enough you are allowed admission in med school. If you do not pass you can take part in the lottery where your admission rate is based upon your high school grades.
I didn't get into med school on my first try and switched to applied math, never looked back. I'm kind of glad I didn't get in in hindsight.
Metrics and chance are bad substitutes for tutelage. If a world values scholarship (which seems self-evident), then scholars should not be presented with obstacles. I'm not sure what the measure of a person's scholarship is, and indeed this such measures are often turned to different purposes. It probably becomes a Grim Trigger Game for some.
I didn't get into med school on my first try and switched to applied math, never looked back. I'm kind of glad I didn't get in in hindsight.