That's why I take care that my OS doesn't know I'm French. But it's a luxury that most French people can't afford and they have to live with bugs. Ex: Having both a "Download" and a "Téléchargement" folder, with "Download" being sometimes translated.
This is something Apple got right. The underlying folder has a standard name, and the translated name is just a different presentation. If you change language, the names of the translated folders change.
For anyone who doesn't know OSX, this translation happens on the UI level. Typing ls in a terminal gives you the real directory name.