While Weber over-stated his case, he has definitely not been "debunked". Check out _Causes and Consequences of the Protestant Reformation_ by Becker et al[0], it's a survey of the literature and contains a lot of empirical evidence in support of the Weberian view of the Reformation.

[0] https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d680/a29a28682b933d75e35d5a...