"What is this processor?
The SuperH processor is a Japanese design developed by Hitachi in the late 1990's. As a second generation hybrid RISC design it was easier for compilers to generate good code for than earlier RISC chips, and it recaptured much of the code density of earlier CISC designs by using fixed length 16 bit instructions (with 32 bit register size and address space), using microcoding to allow some instructions to perform multiple clock cycles of work. (Earlier pure risc designs used one instruction per clock cycle even when that served no purpose but to make the code bigger and exhaust the encoding space.)
Hitachi developed 4 generations of SuperH. SH2 made it to the United states in the Sega Saturn game console, and SH4 powered the Sega Dreamcast. They were also widely used in areas outside the US cosumer market, such as the japanese automative industry.
But during the height of SuperH's development, the 1997 asian economic crisis caused Hitachi to tighten its belt, eventually partnering with Mitsubishi to spin off its microprocessor division into a new company called "Renesas". This new company did not inherit the Hitachi engineers who had designed SuperH, and Renesas' own attempts at further development on SuperH didn't even interest enough customers for the result to go ito production. Eventually Renesas moved on to new designs it had developed entirely in-house, and SuperH receded in importance to them... until the patents expired."
Interesting point of history— the H8 processor is the MCU that powers the original Lego Mindstorms RCX. In high school I wrote some assembly language for it when making a robot that ran on BrickOS:
a slightly different (but close enough) Hitachi CPU also powered the Cybiko - a wacky games console few have heard of. I tried writing a disassembler for that particular cpu a while back. Was an interesting platform and oh man the documentation at least to me was gorgeous: github.com/kn100/cybemu/
“The concept for the device emerged from social research conducted in six countries, which identified a need for digital communication among youth. … a radio protocol was patented. This protocol allowed up to 3,000 Cybiko devices to form a network without using auxiliary stations.”
Smartphones can form mesh networks with WiFi, but neither of the duopoly OSes have this as a built-in feature, it's left to apps, and that fragments the potential. The most powerful radio isn't user-controllable, it's strictly pay-to-play and operating a base station is heavily licensed, no peer-to-peer activity is possible.
This is something I'd like to see disrupted, although I'm not holding my breath. I don't like that grid failure or (more likely) government order can knock smartphones off the network so easily as they can.
Back in the days (very early 2000s), Amsterdam got WLAN network called Wireless Oost. This gave people in Amsterdam Oost wireless internet access throughout the neighborhood, without needing cable internet from A2000 (later merged with Chello, who merged with UPC, who merged with Ziggo, all the time owned by a certain company known as Liberty Global (you might have heard of them)). It also served as a (W)LAN. Back then, the local computer club ASCII (comprised of political activists and such, predecessor of the hackerspaces) had a cargo bike called Bakscii (derived from Dutch world of cargo bike (bakfiets) and ASCII). This provided WLAN access at demonstrations and such. It was a neat project which Internet Archive likely still holds.
I was never directly involved with said project, btw, but I knew all of the people who were. Nowadays, I live near Amsterdam and will get 1 gbit symmetric fiber internet soon (most of NL already has access to it). I use a Wireguard tunnel to connect via any network (LTE/NG/WLAN) via my home network which runs Pi-Hole. My point being, security has improved, but there is a constant: wireless internet usage can be triangulated, eavesdropped, and clients can be tracked. It is something we need to live with. Every time I leave my smartphone at home even for something as small as picking up my kids at school or sports I feel good. However I can easily be tracked by all the doorbell cameras in the street.
We are done with subversion on the internet. It is over, a done deal. I've given up many years ago, and eventually I also embraced the thought of such. If you want some private time together go to some cave in Turkey or whatever.
I mean, it was not a smartphone but a PDA and it ran Linux: Sharp Zaurus. I owned a CL1000 (later on I went to Nokia N810, though in hindsight the N800 was just as cool with dual SD). Magnificent devices, and back then I liked they didn't have GPRS or 3G. Such was slow anyway (and expensive connection) so I felt that saved me money. Besides, the WWW was dominated by MSIE. And no GSM meant to me less tracking.
Not particularly unique at all. Handheld graphing calculators typically were not intended for use where hardware floating point was necessary. TI calculators historically used the Z80, no FPU. Earlier HP calculators did use a custom BCD based (not IEEE954) floating point ISA, but these are still slower than just about any processor in the past 30 years doing software floating point. They didn’t have any hardware multiply or divide for one, this is not an FPU in the modern sense people envision. And later on the HP used common ARMv5 based processors with emulation. None of these ARM processors had hardware floating point. Same with later TI calculators that were 68k and then ARM based.
The HP Prime G2 released in 2018 is about the only mainstream device that happens to have hardware FP, and that’s for a device more touted for CAS features. The FPU is more just something that comes for free with the commodity SoC chosen.
> None of these ARM processors had hardware floating point
More importantly, IEEE 754 floating point ISA is not great for calculators - they don’t require the speed a personal computer does, and calculators work hard to hide the fact numbers such as 0.45 can’t be represented as IEEE 754 floats.
In popular culture, the Hitachi H8 microprocessor was referenced in the song Space Dementia by Muse.
> Q - "What does "H Eight" mean?"
> Matt [Bellamy]: Using a microcomputer (Hitachi H8 / 3048F) which can
be built into the industrialmachines, you can learn and understand the inputs /outputs of the microcomputer as a basis of robot control and conduct theexperiments by C-language for steppingmotor control, servomotor control (PWM control) and serial communication. H8 model, a 16-bit microcomputer consists of 32-bit registers, has a flash ROM of 128KB, a RAM of 4KB (SRAM) with external extension of 128KB and 78 I/O terminals with the built-in A/D and D/Aconverters. H8 is a microcomputer usually built into a TV, VTR, mobile-phone and car navigator. Since it has ample I/O terminals, H8 microcomputer is also used as a brain of a small robot.
I had a SuperH 3 powered HP Jornada that I ran Linux and NetBSD on back in the day. Not particularly fast, but power efficiency was off the charts, even when compared to the many contemporary ARM and MIPS based devices of the time.
Or at least that's how my nostalgic memories think of it.
It was really fun to have a pocketable laptop back in those days for me (baggy pants required). Good times.
I would love to see a modern device with a similar form factor to the classic PDAs. After some searching, I found a few options, but none of them are quite the same. Here's what I came across [1], [2], and potentially [3]. Does anyone know of other devices that come closer to the original clamshell PDA design?
Though about six years old, the Gemini PDA (from the same folks who make the Astro Slide) is likely the most modern device with the classic clamshell PDA form factor.
> spin off its microprocessor division into a new company called "Renesas". This new company did not inherit the Hitachi engineers who had designed SuperH
This explaines why Renesas' products are so bad and why the datasheets are terrible.
I tried to evaluate their intro Linux processor (RZ/A) a while back and the amount of support we got from the factory was dismal. I got an FAE to confess that the two factions (Hitachi vs NEC) didn't get along. They have a bread-and-butter product line in the RL78 but we dropped the idea of using them for anything else.
Technically it's only three generations, as the SH-1 and SH-2 were launched at the same time. The SH-1 was a stripped down basic model, missing a few instructions like 32-bit multiplication, while the SH-2 had everything.
The Sega Saturn had two SH-2s for the main CPU, and one SH-1 as a CDROM controller. it also had a 68EC000 for the sound subsystem... and a DSP.... Too many CPUs.
I only ever had a very brief hands on time with SuperH based systems (excluding the excessive amount of Saturn/Dreamcast play time). They seemed to have efficiency as their very core goal. So while they were not the fastest processors around, they squeezed out every little drop from what they had to work with.
"What is this processor? The SuperH processor is a Japanese design developed by Hitachi in the late 1990's. As a second generation hybrid RISC design it was easier for compilers to generate good code for than earlier RISC chips, and it recaptured much of the code density of earlier CISC designs by using fixed length 16 bit instructions (with 32 bit register size and address space), using microcoding to allow some instructions to perform multiple clock cycles of work. (Earlier pure risc designs used one instruction per clock cycle even when that served no purpose but to make the code bigger and exhaust the encoding space.)
Hitachi developed 4 generations of SuperH. SH2 made it to the United states in the Sega Saturn game console, and SH4 powered the Sega Dreamcast. They were also widely used in areas outside the US cosumer market, such as the japanese automative industry.
But during the height of SuperH's development, the 1997 asian economic crisis caused Hitachi to tighten its belt, eventually partnering with Mitsubishi to spin off its microprocessor division into a new company called "Renesas". This new company did not inherit the Hitachi engineers who had designed SuperH, and Renesas' own attempts at further development on SuperH didn't even interest enough customers for the result to go ito production. Eventually Renesas moved on to new designs it had developed entirely in-house, and SuperH receded in importance to them... until the patents expired."